elongation

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작성자허니버터칩 조회 10회 작성일 2021-06-24 15:10:21 댓글 0

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Solids: Lesson 14 - Axial Elongation Due to Axial Load Example

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kcnodots : First comment! Thank you for all your videos! They've been so helpful getting through poor professors!
yash daboo : Your dedication to help students is priceless. I wish that every lecturer could be like you.For the solids series, lesson 22 is not available. Please resolve this issue.
chunklelicous : Hey Jeff, Ive been watching your solids lactures in preparation of the fall semester but I'm not able to view lectures 9, 10, or 12. I'm hoping you can sort that out so I don't miss anything, your videos have been very helpful
Ronnie Barba : Galing mo talaga tanda
Minh Tien Le : Dear professor, why you know which force is in tension and which force is in compression ? Thank you

Chapter 4 Translation Elongation and termination

This video is a quick explanation of the basic concepts of the elongation and termination phases of translation.
alpha Beta : Nice and simple
l karvannan : it was very helpful and very simple to understand. Thank you.
Noname : THANKS A LOT !!!
Mohammed AIkhabory : ❤
gioele vuono : Elongation is the 2nd step of transcription, not translation

Eukaryotic Translation (Protein Synthesis), Animation.

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The translation process involves the following components:
- mRNA or messenger RNA containing the genetic information to be translated.
- tRNA or transfer RNA bringing in the amino acids – the building blocks of the protein.
- Ribosome – the machine that performs the translation. The ribosome has two subunits: small and large.
- Several initiation factors, elongation factors, and release factors. These factors assist with initiation, elongation and termination of the process, respectively.
Steps of the translation process:
Initiation (eukaryotes) : The small ribosomal subunit binds to the initiator tRNA carrying the initiator amino acid methionine. This complex then attaches to the cap structure at the 5’ end of an mRNA and scans for the start codon AUG. The process is mediated by several initiation factors. At the start codon, the large ribosomal subunit joins the complex and all initiation factors are released. The ribosome has three sites: the A-site is the entry site for new tRNA charged with amino-acid or aminoacyl-tRNA; the P-site is occupied by peptidyl-tRNA - the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain; the E-site is the exit site for the tRNA after it’s done delivering the amino acid. The initiator tRNA is positioned in the P-site.
Elongation: A new tRNA carrying an amino acid enters the A-site of the ribosome. On the ribosome, the anticodon of the incoming tRNA is matched against the mRNA codon positioned in the A-site. During this proof-reading, tRNA with incorrect anticodons are rejected and replaced by new tRNA that are again checked. When the right aminoacyl-tRNA enters the A-site, a peptide bond is made between the two now-adjacent amino-acids. As the peptide bond is formed, the tRNA in the P-site releases the amino-acids onto the tRNA in the A-site and becomes empty. At the same time, the ribosome moves one triplet forward on the mRNA. As a result, the empty tRNA is now in the E-site and the peptidyl tRNA is in the P-site. The A-site is now unoccupied and is ready to accept a new tRNA. The cycle is repeated for each codon on the mRNA.
Termination: Termination happens when one of the three stop codons is positioned in the A-site. No tRNA can fit in the A-site at that point as there are no tRNA that match the sequence. Instead, these codons are recognized by a protein, a release factor. Binding of the release factor catalyzes the cleavage of the bond between the polypeptide and the tRNA. The polypeptide is released from the ribosome. The ribosome is disassociated into subunits and is ready for a new round of translation. The newly made polypeptide usually requires additional modifications and folding before it can become an active protein.
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VIBHA KUSHWAHA : beautiful and very helpful video. Plzz make more video of molbio...
Santiago Restrepo Castillo : Thank you!
Musharaf Islam : Good
kubra kussan : thank you so much

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